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Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS

Received: 8 February 2017     Accepted: 22 February 2017     Published: 9 March 2017
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Abstract

We report the first detailed investigation on isotope shift, Δσ166, 170 measurements carried out in the spectrum of singly- ionized erbium (Er II/ Er+) recorded with a FTS. Isotope shift in 85 spectral lines were determined in the 350- 590 nm wavelength region. The source was accomplished of mixture of highly enriched isotopes of 166Er: 170Er in 7:10 ratio respectively and the detector was a photomultiplier tube. These investigations have contributed significantly to the understanding of the 92 known energy levels of Er+. Level isotope shift, ΔT166, 170 values have been evaluated for 29 even- and 63 odd- parity energy levels for the first time. On the basis of the derived level isotope shifts the configuration mixing was estimated for altogether 92 involved levels and compared those with the theoretically predicted configuration mixings available in the literature and found that both the theoretical and experimental mixings have excellent agreement with each other.

Published in American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11
Page(s) 10-20
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Isotope Shift, Configuration Mixing, Singly-Ionized Spectra, Fourier Transform Spectrometer, Hollow Cathode Lamp

References
[1] W. C. Martin, R. Zalubas, and L. Hagan, “Atomic Energy Levels: The Rare Earth Elements,” NSRDS- NBS 60 Washington: National Bureau of Standards, 1978.
[2] T. A. M. van Kleef and J. J. A. Koot, Unpublished material, 1975.
[3] J. Sugar and J. Reader, “Ionization energies of the singly ionized rare earths”, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 55, pp. 1286, 1965.
[4] S. M. Bentzen, U. Nielsen, O. Poulsen, “Lifetime measurements in singly ionized erbium using fast-beam laser-modulation spectroscopy” J. Opt. Soc. Am. vol. 72, pp. 1210, 1982.
[5] J. E. Lawler, C. Sneden, J. J. Cowan, J-F Wyart, I. I. Ivans, J. S. Sobeck, M. H. Stockett, E. A. D. Hartog, “Improved laboratory transition probabilities for Er II and application to the erbium abundances of the sun and five r- process-rich, metal-poor stars”, Astrophys. J., Supp. Ser., vol. 178 pp. 71, 2008.
[6] J-F. Wyart and J. E. Lawler, “Theoretical interpretation and new energy levels in Er II”, Phys. Scr., vol. 79, pp. 045301, 2009.
[7] U. Nielsen, K. T. Cheng, H. Ludvigsen, J. N. Xiao, “Hyperfine structure of 4f126s and 4f125d configurations in 167Er II measured by collinear fast-beam laser and radio-frequency laser double-resonance spectroscopy”, Phys. Scr. vol. 34, pp. 776, 1986.
[8] L. Wilets and L. C. Bradley, “Isotope shifts in Erbium” Phys. Rev. vol. 87, pp. 1018, 1952.
[9] W. F. Meggers, C. H. Corliss, and B. F. Scribner, “Tables of spectral line intensities”, vol.145 NBS, Washington, 1975.
[10] N. Spector and S. Held, “The first spectrum of erbium- description and classification” Report No: IA – 13554-T: Israel Atomic Energy Commission, 1980.
[11] J. Čajko, and R. Textoris, “Determination of the intrinsic quadrupole moment of Er162 from a photoelectric measurement of the isotope shifts of the Er I and Er II lines”, Czech J. Phys. B. vol. 17. pp. 917, 1967.
[12] J. Pacheva, “Summaries of the second EGAS- Conference” Hannover, 70 ISV, Fiz. Inst. Bulgar. Acad. Nauk, vol. 21 pp. 41, 1970.
[13] H. D. Kronfeldt and G. Sinn, “Crossed-second-order effects of the isotope shift in the Er II ground configuration 4f126s”, Z. Phys. D, 14 pp. 205, 1989.
[14] B. K. Ankush and M. N. Deo, “Isotope shift measurements in the 660 spectral lines of Er I covering the 340-605 nm wavelength region with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer”, JQSRT, vol. 155 pp. 96. 2015.
[15] W. H. King, “Isotope shifts in Atomic Spectra”, New York Plenum Press, 1984.
[16] M. Wilson, “Ab initio calculation of core relaxation and screening effects on |ѱ(0)|2 for Sm and Eu”, J. Phys. B, vol. 52, pp. 18, 1972.
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  • APA Style

    Balkrishna Keraba Ankush, Mukul Narayan Deo. (2017). Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5(2), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11

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    ACS Style

    Balkrishna Keraba Ankush; Mukul Narayan Deo. Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2017, 5(2), 10-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11

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    AMA Style

    Balkrishna Keraba Ankush, Mukul Narayan Deo. Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2017;5(2):10-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11,
      author = {Balkrishna Keraba Ankush and Mukul Narayan Deo},
      title = {Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS},
      journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {10-20},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20170502.11},
      abstract = {We report the first detailed investigation on isotope shift, Δσ166, 170 measurements carried out in the spectrum of singly- ionized erbium (Er II/ Er+) recorded with a FTS. Isotope shift in 85 spectral lines were determined in the 350- 590 nm wavelength region. The source was accomplished of mixture of highly enriched isotopes of 166Er: 170Er in 7:10 ratio respectively and the detector was a photomultiplier tube. These investigations have contributed significantly to the understanding of the 92 known energy levels of Er+. Level isotope shift, ΔT166, 170 values have been evaluated for 29 even- and 63 odd- parity energy levels for the first time. On the basis of the derived level isotope shifts the configuration mixing was estimated for altogether 92 involved levels and compared those with the theoretically predicted configuration mixings available in the literature and found that both the theoretical and experimental mixings have excellent agreement with each other.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    T1  - Experimental Verification of Theoretical Configuration Mixing in the Energy Levels of Er II Spectra via Isotope Shift Measurements Using a FTS
    AU  - Balkrishna Keraba Ankush
    AU  - Mukul Narayan Deo
    Y1  - 2017/03/09
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11
    T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
    JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
    JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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    EP  - 20
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-4686
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.11
    AB  - We report the first detailed investigation on isotope shift, Δσ166, 170 measurements carried out in the spectrum of singly- ionized erbium (Er II/ Er+) recorded with a FTS. Isotope shift in 85 spectral lines were determined in the 350- 590 nm wavelength region. The source was accomplished of mixture of highly enriched isotopes of 166Er: 170Er in 7:10 ratio respectively and the detector was a photomultiplier tube. These investigations have contributed significantly to the understanding of the 92 known energy levels of Er+. Level isotope shift, ΔT166, 170 values have been evaluated for 29 even- and 63 odd- parity energy levels for the first time. On the basis of the derived level isotope shifts the configuration mixing was estimated for altogether 92 involved levels and compared those with the theoretically predicted configuration mixings available in the literature and found that both the theoretical and experimental mixings have excellent agreement with each other.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India

  • High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India

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